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STEP-1 STEP-2 STEP - 3 STEP - 4 STEP - 5 STEP - 6 Mnemonic to remember the pathway with the help of products - Delta PHUC Pro Delta - Delta aminolevulinic acid P - Porphobilinogen H - Hydroxymethylbilane U - Uroporphyrinogen - III C - Coproporphyrinogen - III Pro - Protoporphyrinogen - III & Protoporphyrin - III

IMMUNOGLOBULINS - STRUCTURE,TYPES & FUNCTIONS - EASY NOTES

Definition - Specialized group of proteins having antibody activity are called as Immnuoglobulins. Functional term is immunoglobulin & Physical term is gamma globulin abbreviated as Ig. STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS Y-shaped tetramer made of Two identical Heavy chains (H) & Two identical Light chains (L) held together by interchain disulfide linkages and noncovalent interactions. Each heavy chain has 450 amino acids Each light chain has 20 amino acids Each chain of Ig has variable amino acid sequence at amino end called as the variable region (VL & VH) has constant amino acid sequence at carboxy end called as the constant region (CL & CH) The variable region ( both heavy & light chain )of the immunoglobulin is concerned with binding with the antigen Two types of light chains in all classes of Ig -- kappa (K) and lambda (λ) CLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS & FUNCTIONS depending on the type of heavy chain Immunoglobulins...