LAB DIAGNOSIS OF ACID BASE DISORDERS

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABG) Helps in detecting acid base disorders like 

• Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis 
• Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis

1.Blood pH - 

• Normal pH - 7.35 - 7.45
• helps in checking acidosis/alkalosis
• < 7.35 - acidosis
• >7.45 - alkalosis

2.HCO3-

• Normal value - 22-28 mmol/l

3.PCO2

• Normal Value - 35-48 mmHg
• helps in checking CO2 retention
• Increase/Decrease seen in respiratory disorders

4.PO2

• normal Value - 95-98%
• helps in checking blood oxygen saturation

5.Electrolytes 

• Electrolyte estimation tells about the anion gap
• Normal Level 
• Na+ - 135-145 meq/l
• K+ - 3.5-4.5 meq/l
• Cl- - 96-105  meq/l
• Ca++ - 9-11 mg/dl

6.Other investigations to know the cause

• RFT
• Blood Glucose
• Serum Lactate
• Urine & Plasma Ketones